Sprayer Best Practices

[Gerard van Steyn]

So as I was spraying the vineyard this morning, I belatedly started to come up with questions regarding how best to spray my vines. Yes, I probably should have researched these questions years ago, but better now than never!

My spraying questions:

What sprayer speed/volume is best? High speed to blow spray everywhere and even blow off mildew or a lower or moderate speed so as not to be disruptive to the vines or fruit?

Should the sprayer speed be lower between flowering and fruit set, or is it better to use high speed to force more spray into the flowering cluster?

What is the ideal distance between sprayer and the vines?

Is is better to hold the spray nozzle in a steady line or better to wave it back and forth/up down while spraying?

Is the upward angled nozzle or the general straight direction nozzle better?

What else do you find works either better or not so well?